??（天津）???? ??? ?? ?????????, ??? ???（北洋） ?????, 1895? 10? 2?? ??? ?? ??? ???????. “????”? ????, “???? ??? ??”?? ??? “????”? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??. 1951? ????? ???? ?????? ?????, 1959? ????? ???? ??? ??? 16?? ???????? ??? ??????, “211????”, “985????” ??, ??? ?? ????????? ??? “?? ???????” A? ???? ?????.

　　?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??, ??? ?? ?? ? ??. ???, ???, ???, ???, ????, ??? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????. ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???, ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???, ????? ? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????.

　　?????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???, “?? ??, ???? ??, ?? ??”? ?? ???? “????”, “????”, “??1?”? ???? ????, ???? ???? ?? ??, ???? ??, ??? ??? ?? ???? ? ???  ????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?????. ?? ??? ????? ???6?, ??? ???9?, ??? ?? ???? 42?, ??? ?·? ???? ??????6?, ??? ?????? ????6?, ??? ???? ?????10?, ??? “12?5????” ?? 27(?? ?? 2)??? ??. ??? ??? ???????? 12?, ??? ???? ???? 7?, ??? ????? ???? ???? 3?? “?? ??? ?????? ??”, “????? ????? ??”, “?? ???? ???? ??”, ????? ???????? ???? ?? 4?? ??.????1? “????? ??? ????”???? ?????? ????? 1? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??, 2017? ??? 1? ???? 98.59%? ???.

　　???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ?? ? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ?? 64?? ????, 37?? 1? ?????, 28?? 1??? ?????, 23?? ??? ?????? ??. ?4? ???????? ?????? 25?? 1???? ??? ????, 14? ???  A? ??? ?? ???. ? ? ????? ????? A+?, 4? ??? A? ?? (2%-5%)? ????, 9? ???  A?(5%-10%)? ?????. ?3? ????? ???? ?? 5%? ??? ??? 3? ????, ??10%? ??? ??? 8?? ???. 8? ??? ESI ??1%? ??, ? ? 3? ??? ?? 0.1%? ????. ??????? ??? ?? ??? “?? ???? ??????”? 2013?? ???? ??? ??, ?? 14? 1? “2011??????”? ??? ?????.

　　?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ??, ????????? ??? ??, ??? ??? ????. 4? ???????, 4?? ?? ?????, 1?? ?? ???? ????, ?? ??????3?, ?? ?????? ???? 3?, ??? ????? 8?, ??? ???? ???? 5?, ??? ????? 23?, ??? ??????27?, ??? ??????22? ??  ???? ??. ? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? 3?, ??? ??? 12?, ?????? ???1?? ??. 2017?, ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????.? ??????? 4?? ?????, ??????? ????? 4?, ??? ????? 32?, ????? 6?, ??? ??? 6?? ?????. 2017?, ??????? ???, ???? ??? ??? ?? ???

　　26?7?? ??(元)? ???.  ???????? 15?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??, ?????? ?????? 1?, ???????? ???? 345?, ??? ?????? ???? 68?? ??. ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??. ???????? ???? 14?, ???? 4?? ??CTTI ????? ?????. 2017? China International Trust Investment Company?? ??? ???? ???, 2016?? SCI????? 3,095?? ???, EI ????? 3,617?? ???. ????? ??????? ??? 2017?? ??? SCI????? 3,531?? ????. ?????????? ? ??? ???, 2017?? ?, ?, ?? ??? ????????? 4?, ???? ?? ? ????? ??????? 10? ??, ?? ??? ? ?? ?????? ??????? 66?? ???. ??? ???? ???? ??? ????, ???(??/武清)???????, ???（滨海） ?????, ???（青岛） ???????? ??(山东)??? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??.

　　????? ?? 122? ??, ??? 20?? ?? ????? ?????, ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ? ??? ???. ??? ??? ?????(张太雷), ???? ???(马寅初), ??? ????(王宠惠), ???(王正廷), ??? ??(秦汾), ???? ???(徐志摩) ? ?? ???? ????. ?? “????”? ?? ???(吴自良), ????(姚树人), ????? ????(荣智健) ?? ?? ????? ??? ???. ?? ??? ????(赵天麟), ????? ????(茅以升), ???? ????(刘仙洲), ????? ????(), ???? ???(), ???? ???(), ??? ???() ? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ? ?? ??. ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? “?????? ???”??? 60????, ????? 50????. ??????? ?? ??, ???? ??? ??? ?????, ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????. ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? 2008? ?????? ???? ????? “??”??, ????()(????????? ??????? ????), ???()(?? ????- ‘???’ ??? ?????), ?????()(??????- ‘???’ ??? ????) ? 10??? ???? ?? ??? ????.

　　???? ??????? ????? ?? 140?? ??? ???? ? ???3,046?? ??????? 42??? ??? 210? ???, ????, ??? ???? ?????. ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??????, ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ? 3???.

　　21?? ??? ?????? ? ??? ?? ????? “? ??” ????? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???, 21?? ??? ???? ???, ???, ???? ???????? ???? ???.

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